Frame and anti-frame rules have been proposed as proof rules for
  modular reasoning about programs.  Frame rules allow one to hide
  irrelevant parts of the state during verification, whereas the
  anti-frame rule allows one to hide local state from the context.  
  We discuss the semantic foundations of frame and anti-frame rules, and 
  present the first sound model for Chargueraud and Pottier's
  type and capability system including both of these  rules. 
  The model is a possible worlds model 
  based on the operational semantics and step-indexed heap relations, 
  and the worlds are given by a recursively defined metric space. 
  We also extend the model to account for Pottier's generalized frame and anti-frame rules, where  
  invariants are generalized to families of invariants  indexed over preorders. 
  This generalization enables reasoning about some well-bracketed as well as 
  (locally) monotone uses of local state.